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	<title>Norman Girvan</title>
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	<link>http://www.normangirvan.info</link>
	<description>Norman Girvan is Professorial Research Fellow at the UWI Graduate Institute of International Relations at the University of the West Indies in St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago</description>
	<pubDate>Thu, 27 Nov 2008 01:04:04 +0000</pubDate>
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			<item>
		<title>&#8216;Rough Handling Federation&#8217;, by Sir Shridath Ramphal</title>
		<link>http://www.normangirvan.info/rough-handling-federation-by-sir-shridath-ramphal/</link>
		<comments>http://www.normangirvan.info/rough-handling-federation-by-sir-shridath-ramphal/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 24 Nov 2008 14:55:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>norman</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Caribbean Integration]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Caribbean Development]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Norman Manley]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[West Indies Federation]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.normangirvan.info/?p=1006</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Lecture at UWI Cave Hill Campus, November 20, 2008


It is 50 years since the Federation was born; since The West Indies became, all too briefly, more than a geographic expression. However flawed the process by which we got there, however imperfect the consummation, however brief the period of promise, that moment of creation in 1958 [...]]]></description>
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<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">It is 50 years since the Federation was born; since The West Indies became, all too briefly, more than a geographic expression. However flawed the process by which we got there, however imperfect the consummation, however brief the period of promise, that moment of creation in 1958 was one of the worthiest in the history of the Caribbean region..</span></p>
<p>Download <a href="http://www.normangirvan.info/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/ramphal-federation-lecture-final.pdf">&#8216;Rough Handling Federation&#8217;</a> by Sir Shridath Ramphal<a href="http://www.normangirvan.info/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/ramphal-federation-lecture-final.pdf"></a></mce></p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>EPA Ratification Procedures in ACP States, by Advocates for International Development</title>
		<link>http://www.normangirvan.info/epa-ratification-procedures-in-acp-states-by-advocates-for-international-development/</link>
		<comments>http://www.normangirvan.info/epa-ratification-procedures-in-acp-states-by-advocates-for-international-development/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 24 Nov 2008 07:49:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>norman</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[CARIFORUM-EC EPA: Debates &amp; Technical Papers]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ACP]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Cariforum]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[EPAs]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Ratification of EPAs]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.normangirvan.info/?p=1017</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[For each ACP country, this document summarises the ratification process including in particular whether competencies for entry into EPAs by the ACP countries lie at national level or regional level; and the process that must be followed in each case.
Download &#8216;EPA Ratification Procedures&#8217;
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 6pt 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US">For each ACP country, this document summarises the ratification process including in particular</span><span style="font-family: Symbol;" lang="EN-US"><span><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">whether competencies for entry into EPAs by the ACP countries lie at national level or regional level; and </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;" lang="EN-US">the process that must be followed in each case.</span></p>
<p><a href="http://www.normangirvan.info/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/ratification-in-acp-countries.doc">Download &#8216;EPA Ratification Procedures&#8217;</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Creating a Caribbean Development State, by Jay R Mandle</title>
		<link>http://www.normangirvan.info/creating-a-caribbean-development-state-jay-r-mandle/</link>
		<comments>http://www.normangirvan.info/creating-a-caribbean-development-state-jay-r-mandle/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 23 Nov 2008 20:28:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>norman</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Caribbean Integration]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Caribbean Development]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Caribbean nationalism]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[CSME]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[EPA]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.normangirvan.info/?p=1000</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[  
 
W. Bradford Wiley Professor of Economics, Colgate University

The debate over EPA was reminiscent of the kind of clash of ideas that occurred during the-hey day of the “New World” group of intellectuals and academics in the 1960s and 1970s. Then, as now, Caribbean integration and regional economic development were seen by these [...]]]></description>
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Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" 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Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading" /> </w> </xml>< ![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce :style>< !<br />
/* Style Definitions */<br />
table.MsoNormalTable<br />
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";<br />
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;<br />
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;<br />
mso-style-noshow:yes;<br />
mso-style-priority:99;<br />
mso-style-qformat:yes;<br />
mso-style-parent:"";<br />
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;<br />
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;<br />
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;<br />
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;<br />
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;<br />
line-height:115%;<br />
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;<br />
font-size:11.0pt;<br />
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";<br />
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;<br />
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;<br />
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br />
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;<br />
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;<br />
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}<br />
--> <!--[endif]--></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w :WordDocument> </w><w :View>Normal</w> <w :Zoom>0</w> <w :TrackMoves /> <w :TrackFormatting /> <w :DoNotShowRevisions /> <w :DoNotPrintRevisions /> <w :DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions /> <w :DoNotShowPropertyChanges /> <w :PunctuationKerning /> <w :ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w :SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w> <w :IgnoreMixedContent>false</w> <w :AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w> <w :DoNotPromoteQF /> <w :LidThemeOther>EN-TT</w> <w :LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w> <w :LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w> <w :Compatibility> <w :BreakWrappedTables /> <w :SnapToGridInCell /> <w :WrapTextWithPunct /> <w :UseAsianBreakRules /> <w :DontGrowAutofit /> <w :SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w :DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w :DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w :DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w :Word11KerningPairs /> <w :CachedColBalance /> </w> <w :BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w> <m :mathPr> <m 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QFormat="true" Name="caption" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1" /> <w 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:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2" /> <w :LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"    UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2" /> <w 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<p><em><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">W. Bradford Wiley Professor of Economics,</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;"> Colgate University</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;">The debate over EPA was reminiscent of the kind of clash of ideas that occurred during the-hey day of the “New World” group of intellectuals and academics in the 1960s and 1970s. Then, as now, Caribbean integration and regional economic development were seen by these scholars as inseparable. But now in contrast to the past, the process of integration is not just an intellectual construct. There is a reality to the CSME and though it is not complete it provides a foundation upon which to build…. it might yet be possible to construct a broad Caribbean nationalist coalition</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;" lang="EN-US">&#8230;</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><strong>Download <a href="http://www.normangirvan.info/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/mandle-caribbean-developmemt-state1.pdf">Creating a Caribbean Development State </a>by Jay R Mandle</strong></p>
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		<title>&#8216;Substantially All Trade&#8217;: Which Definitions are Fulfilled in Practice?An Empirical Investigation</title>
		<link>http://www.normangirvan.info/substantially-all-trade-which-definitions-are-fulfilled-in-practicean-empirical-investigation/</link>
		<comments>http://www.normangirvan.info/substantially-all-trade-which-definitions-are-fulfilled-in-practicean-empirical-investigation/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2008 20:28:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>norman</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[CARIFORUM-EC EPA: Debates &amp; Technical Papers]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[EPAs]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[GATT Article XXIV]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.normangirvan.info/?p=845</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Report for the Commonwealth Secretariat by Robert Scollay and Roman Grynberg, 2005.


GATT Article XXIV sets out a notoriously imprecise set of conditions under which free trade areas and customs unions are to be accepted as consistent with members’ obligations under the WTO Agreements. One of the most disputed elements is the phrase “substantially all trade” (SAT) [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Report for the Commonwealth Secretariat by Robert Scollay and Roman Grynberg, 2005.</em></p>
<div></div>
<p><span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman;"></p>
<p align="left">GATT Article XXIV sets out a notoriously imprecise set of conditions under which free trade areas and customs unions are to be accepted as consistent with members’ obligations under the WTO Agreements. One of the most disputed elements is the phrase “substantially all trade” (SAT) which appears in the requirement that “duties and other restrictive regulations of commerce….are eliminated on substantially all the trade in products originating” in the partners&#8230;.</p>
<p align="left"><strong><a href="http://www.thecommonwealth.org/shared_asp_files/uploadedfiles/54198A83-736D-4D36-B484-27400E267BCE_SATPaperforComsecCompleteJano6.pdf">Full Report</a></strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p></span></p>
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		<title>Dealing With a Bad Deal: Two Years of DR-CAFTA in Central America</title>
		<link>http://www.normangirvan.info/dealing-with-a-bad-deal-two-years-of-dr-cafta-in-central-america/</link>
		<comments>http://www.normangirvan.info/dealing-with-a-bad-deal-two-years-of-dr-cafta-in-central-america/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2008 19:03:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>norman</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[CARIFORUM-EC EPA: Debates &amp; Technical Papers]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[CAFTA-DR]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Central America]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Free Trade Agreements]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[FTAs]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.normangirvan.info/?p=842</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Council on Hemispheric Affairs (COHA), Washington D.C.
Critics argue that for over a decade, the United States has been striving to create commercial inroads into Latin America by way of bilateral free trade agreements that benefit U.S. economic interests to the detriment of those of Latin America. A recent example of this trend was the passage [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Council on Hemispheric Affairs (COHA), Washington D.C.</em></p>
<p>Critics argue that for over a decade, the United States has been striving to create commercial inroads into Latin America by way of bilateral free trade agreements that benefit U.S. economic interests to the detriment of those of Latin America. A recent example of this trend was the passage of the Dominican Republic – Central America Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA), a pact designed to promote trade and foreign investment between the U.S. and its Caribbean Basin neighbors. ..When it was being negotiated, advocates of DR-CAFTA repeatedly assured skeptics that the agreement w as a “win-win” situation, arguing that it would economically benefit all countries involved&#8230;However, two years have now passed since some Central American countr ies implemented DR-CAFTA’s mandates, and governments, farmers, and workers across the region are beginning to suffer the consequences of an unfair deal. ..</p>
<p> <strong><a href="http://www.coha.org/2008/11/dealing-with-a-bad-deal-two-years-of-dr-cafta-in-central-america/">More</a></strong></p>
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		<title>Havelock Brewster Biographical Information</title>
		<link>http://www.normangirvan.info/havelock-brewster-biographical-information/</link>
		<comments>http://www.normangirvan.info/havelock-brewster-biographical-information/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 10 Nov 2008 15:01:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>norman</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Havelock Brewster's Papers]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.normangirvan.info/havelock-brewster-biographical-information/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[ 
Ambassador Havelock Brewster, CCH, LL.D (Hon., UWI)


Havelock R. Brewster, a national of Guyana and Jamaica, has spent most of his career in international institutions and government service. He was until recently Executive Director for the Caribbean at the Inter-American Development Bank, Washington DC, and previously Guyana’s Ambassador to the European Union, Austria, Belgium, and [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h1><a title="Havelock Brewster" href="http://www.normangirvan.info/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/brewster-photo-resized.JPG"> </a></h1>
<h1><span style="font-size: 12pt">Ambassador Havelock Brewster, CCH, LL.D (Hon., UWI)<br />
</span></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a title="Havelock Brewster" href="http://www.normangirvan.info/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/brewster-photo-resized.JPG"><img src="http://www.normangirvan.info/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/brewster-photo-resized.JPG" alt="Havelock Brewster" /></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Havelock R. Brewster, a national of Guyana and Jamaica, has spent most of his career in international institutions and government service. He was until recently Executive Director for the Caribbean at the Inter-American Development Bank, Washington DC, and previously Guyana’s Ambassador to the European Union, Austria, Belgium, and Germany. Earlier, he served as Special Research Adviser and Director of the Commodities Trade Division of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva. Presently, he is Consultant to the Caribbean Development Bank, Hon. Professor of Economics at the Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies, University of the West Indies, and Senior Associate of the Caribbean Regional Negotiating Machinery. <span> </span>Ambassador Brewster is the author of a large number of journal and other publications in the field of trade, primary commodities, social and economic development analysis and policy, trade negotiations, development financing, economic integration and the Caribbean economy. He is a graduate in economics of King’s College, University  of Durham, UK, and Dalhousie University, Canada. In 1993 Ambassador Brewster was awarded Guyana’s Cacique’s Crown of Honor (CCH) and in 2008 he was awarded the Degree of Doctor of Laws, <em>Honoris Causa,</em> of the University of the West Indies.</p>
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		<title>Havelock Brewster&#8217;s Selected Publications</title>
		<link>http://www.normangirvan.info/havelock-brewsters-selected-publications/</link>
		<comments>http://www.normangirvan.info/havelock-brewsters-selected-publications/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 09 Nov 2008 15:01:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>norman</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Havelock Brewster's Papers]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.normangirvan.info/havelock-brewsters-selected-publications/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Havelock is the author or co-author of over two hundred refereed (*) and other articles, papers, monographs, chapters in books, attributed or institutional. Click here for a list of his selected publications.

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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-size: 12pt">Havelock is the author or co-author of over two hundred refereed (*) and other articles, papers, monographs, chapters in books, attributed or institutional.</span><span> Click <a title="here" href="http://www.normangirvan.info/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/hb-selected-publications-july-07.doc">here</a> for a list of his selected publications.</span></p>
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		<title>The View from the Rear-View Mirror, Havelock Brewster</title>
		<link>http://www.normangirvan.info/the-view-from-the-rear-view-mirror-havelock-brewster/</link>
		<comments>http://www.normangirvan.info/the-view-from-the-rear-view-mirror-havelock-brewster/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 08 Nov 2008 15:33:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>norman</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Caribbean Integration]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Caribbean Thought, Power and Knowledge]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Havelock Brewster's Papers]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Cariforum-EU EPA;New World Group;Sir Shridath Ramphal;UWI Economists]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.normangirvan.info/?p=804</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[

Sir George Alleyne, Chancellor of the Universirty of the West Indies, presents the Degree of Doctor of Laws , Honoris Causa to Ambassador Havelock Brewster at the UWI Mona  Campus on November 7, 2008. Following is Ambassador Brewster&#8217;s address to the Graduating Class. 
Forty years ago, (the work of UWI social scientists) was greeted not [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.normangirvan.info/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/brewster-hon.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1045" src="http://www.normangirvan.info/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/brewster-hon.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="262" /></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><em>Sir George Alleyne, Chancellor of the Universirty of the West Indies, presents the </em><em>Degree of Doctor of Laws , <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Honoris Causa</span> to Ambassador Havelock Brewster at the UWI Mona  Campus on November 7, 2008. Following is Ambassador Brewster&#8217;s </em><em>address to the Graduating Class. </em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;" lang="EN-US">Forty years ago, (the work of UWI social scientists) was greeted not as the “first port of call for regional leadership”, but with unprecedented hostility. The authors were hounded as communists, Marxists revolutionaries, conspirators with Fidel Castro, at best lunatics. The would-be reformers had passports seized, some expelled from the country, fired, threatened, and one assassinated&#8230;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><strong><a href="http://www.normangirvan.info/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/hb-address-uwi-11-07-2008-view-from-the-rear-view-mirror.pdf">Full address</a></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><strong><a href="http://www.normangirvan.info/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/citation-havelock-brewster-hon-doc.pdf">Citation for Havelock&#8217;s Honorary Doctorate</a></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><strong><a href="http://www.stabroeknews.com/features/in-the-diaspora-43/">For a functioning, participatory, Caribbean Democracy</a> </strong>Stabroek News 17/11/08</p>
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		<title>David de Caires</title>
		<link>http://www.normangirvan.info/david-de-caires/</link>
		<comments>http://www.normangirvan.info/david-de-caires/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Nov 2008 02:17:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>norman</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Tributes to Caribbean Thinkers]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.normangirvan.info/?p=771</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[David de Caires&#8211;Witness to history and the search for a politics of meaning Stabroek News
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><a href="http://www.stabroeknews.com/features/in-the-diaspora-41/">David de Caires&#8211;Witness to history and the search for a politics of meaning</a></strong> Stabroek News</p>
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		<title>An Encounter With Haiti - Reginald Dumas</title>
		<link>http://www.normangirvan.info/an-encounter-with-haiti-reginald-dumas/</link>
		<comments>http://www.normangirvan.info/an-encounter-with-haiti-reginald-dumas/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 10 Oct 2008 18:59:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>norman</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Caribbean Integration]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.normangirvan.info/an-encounter-with-haiti-reginald-dumas/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The author, a retired public servant from Trinidad and Tobago, deals with his experiences over six months in 2004 as Special Adviser on Haiti to the UN Secretary General. Declaring himself to be &#8216;neither for or against Aristide or Latortue or any other individual&#8217;, he comes down &#8216;firmly on the side of Haitian people, objects [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The author, a retired public servant from Trinidad and Tobago, deals with his experiences over six months in 2004 as Special Adviser on Haiti to the UN Secretary General. Declaring himself to be &#8216;neither for or against Aristide or Latortue or any other individual&#8217;, he comes down &#8216;firmly on the side of Haitian people, objects always of domestic callouness in tandem with foreign interfence and ideological pontification&#8230;&#8217;</p>
<p>The book is &#8216;dedicated to the people of Haiti, whose suffering continues&#8217;. The devastation brought by storms this year jas been catastrophic, and part proceeds from sales will be used to set up a Haiti Relief Fund in Trinidad and Tobago.</p>
<p><em>&#8216;An Encounter with Haiti&#8217; is published by Medianet Limited, 6 Maraval Road, Port Of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago; email <a href="mailto:publisher@medianetcaribbean.com">publisher@medianetcaribbean.com</a>, Tel. <span context="868-622-5394" durex="0" onmouseout="javascript:skype_tb_imgOnOff(this,0,'0',true,16,'');" onclick="javascript:doRunCMD('call','0',null,0);return skype_tb_stopEvents();" title="Call this phone number in Trinidad and Tobago with Skype: +18686225394" onmouseover="javascript:skype_tb_imgOnOff(this,1,'0',true,16,'');" id="softomate_highlight_0" onmousedown="javascript:skype_tb_imgOnOff(this,2,'0',true,16,'');return skype_tb_stopEvents();" oncontextmenu="javascript:skype_tb_SwitchDrop(this,'0','sms=0');return skype_tb_stopEvents();" class="skype_tb_injection" onmouseup="javascript:skype_tb_imgOnOff(this,1,'0',true,16,'');return skype_tb_stopEvents();"></span><span onmouseout="javascript:doSkypeFlag(this,'0',0,1,16);" onclick="javascript:doHandleChdial(this,1,'0',1);return skype_tb_stopEvents();" style="background-image: url('C:\DOCUME~1\ngirvan\LOCALS~1\Temp\__SkypeIEToolbar_Cache\e70d95847a8f5723cfca6b3fd9946506\static\inactive_a.compat.flex.w16.gif')" title="Change country code ..." onmouseover="javascript:doSkypeFlag(this,'0',1,1,16);" id="skype_tb_droppart_0" onmousedown="javascript:doSkypeFlag(this,'0',2,1,16);return skype_tb_stopEvents();" class="skype_tb_imgA" onmouseup="javascript:doSkypeFlag(this,'0',1,1,16);return skype_tb_stopEvents();"></span><span style="background-image: url('C:\DOCUME~1\ngirvan\LOCALS~1\Temp\__SkypeIEToolbar_Cache\e70d95847a8f5723cfca6b3fd9946506\static\famfamfam/TT.gif')" id="skype_tb_img_f0" class="skype_tb_imgFlag"></span><span id="skype_tb_img_s0" class="skype_tb_imgS"></span><span id="skype_tb_text0" class="skype_tb_injectionIn"></span><span id="skype_tb_innerText0" class="skype_tb_innerText">868-622-5394</span><span id="skype_tb_img_r0" class="skype_tb_imgR"></span>. It will be launched on Thursday October 16, 2008 at 7 PM at the Normandie, 10 Nooks Ave., St Ann&#8217;s, Port of Spain. </em></p>
<p><a href="http://www.normangirvan.info/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/haiti-cover-v2.pdf" title="Table of Contents and Chapter One"><strong>Table of Contents and Chapter One</strong></a></p>
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